Statistics

Hypothesis Testing In scientific research, we often want to prove that a certain statistical phenomenon is true. For example, we might want to prove (or rather show that it is likely) that a coin is unfair (that it lands on heads and tails with unequal probabilities). We do this by flipping the coin $N$ times and recording the number of heads $N_h$ and the number of tails $N_t$. For example, we may get $N_h = 40$ and $N_t = 60$, which sum to $N = 100$....